When organizations go online, they have to decide which e-business models best suit their goals. A business model is defined as the organization of product, service and information flows, and the source of revenues and benefits for suppliers and customers. The concept of e-business model is the same but used in the online presence. The following is a list of the currently most adopted e-business models such as:

*E-shops

*E-commerce

*E-procurement

*E-malls

*E-auctions

*Virtual Communities

*Collaboration Platforms

*Third-party Marketplaces

*Value-chain Integrators

*Value-chain Service Providers

*Information Brokerage

*Telecommunication

*Customer relationship

Classification by provider and consumer

Roughly dividing the world into providers/producers and consumers/clients one can classify e-businesses into the following categories:

*business-to-business (B2B)

*business-to-consumer (B2C)

*business-to-employee (B2E)

*business-to-government (B2G)

*government-to-business (G2B)

*government-to-government (G2G)

*government-to-citizen (G2C)

*consumer-to-consumer (C2C)

*consumer-to-business (C2B)

It is notable that there are comparably less connections pointing “upwards” than “downwards” (few employee/consumer/citizen-to-X models).

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Electronic business, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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AgStar Financial Services, ACA is a cooperative in Mankato, MN owned by over 23,000 client-shareholders. The company operates in 69 counties located in Minnesota and northwest Wisconsin, and is one of the larger Farm Credit associations in the nation. AgStar provides a full range of financial services, including accounting, appraisals, business management, consulting, farm cash management, fleet management, online banking and tax planning and preparation. The financial products include a wide range of agricultural loans, leases, crop insurance, life insurance, and home mortgages. And as a client-owned cooperative, AgStar provides solid returns for stockholders through patronage dividends.

AgStar’s Mission: Enhancing Life in Agriculture and Rural America

Adapted from the Wikipedia article AgStar Financial Services, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Auction sites, like garage sales, flea markets, classified advertisements and other independent sales venues, sometimes draw criminals wishing to sell stolen products, but for law enforcement organizations, finding stolen goods offered online is sometimes easier than more traditional detection methods.

Some criticism is leveled at online auction websites for uneven representation of items offered for sale. Descriptions may omit important information, and photos may not be adequate. Potential bidders can typically protect themselves by reading the text, studying photographs and asking questions of the seller before bidding. Studies show that a large proportion of unsatisfactory online purchase experiences are the result of careless consumerism.

In the U.S., large retailers have lobbied Congress to require online auction sites to share private sales information about sellers, citing potential illegalities. Within the online auction community this is commonly viewed as an attempt at unfair market protection and trade restraint. Reduced overhead sometimes enables independent online sellers to offer goods at lower prices than large retailers.

Online auction selling has attracted millions of laid-off workers, as well as the disabled, parents of young children, retirees, pensioners and others that are unable to find employment in the mainstream workforce. Online auction venue corporations are accused of engaging in discriminatory trade practices that unfairly impact such customers. Presently, the trading practices of online auction venue corporations is not regulated by state or federal agencies.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Online auction business model, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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For a decade and a half (1980-1995) Ezenwa headed the Developmental Information Libraries, a business that established national and international consultancy providing research and project management expertise for business operations, local governments, villages in Africa, and the rural United States. Coordination efforts ranged from stimulating international trade; tourism; agricultural development; alternative energy usage, wildlife conservation and fish farming.

In 1994 Ezenwa’s pioneering work ”World Embassy Directory” was published. Ezenwa later prepared two groundbreaking volumes for the World Bank, ”Afghanistan Metals & Minerals Production eSheet 1959-2005” and ”World Gold Exports eSheet 1942-1995”. Ezenwa’s research established a base for embassy and trade online databases.

From 1995-1999, Ezenwa was a researcher for the World Bank. While there he was a researcher for various World Bank publications; ”Global Economic Prospects” (GEP); ”Global Development Finance” (GDF); ”The Commodity Quarterly”; ”South Asia’s Integration into the World Economy” and ”The Pink Sheet”. Ezenwa also revamped the World Bank database system, a unique and proficient format which is still used today.

Since 1999 Ezenwa has been the principal international consultant for eStat.info, an online company specializing in international trade data. He has developed trade databases for the entire 20th century, and numerous countries have utilized his research.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Chi Ezenwa, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Koster attended Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, receiving a Bachelor’s degree in English (Creative Writing) and Spanish in 1992. The same year he became involved with MUDs as a developer of ”Worlds of Carnage”, then in 1994 moved on to become implementor of ”LegendMUD”, where he was known as Ptah. He also played ”MUME” for a time. On 10 May 1992, he married Kristen who would later work alongside him at Origin Systems as a game designer.

In 1995, he received a Master of Fine Arts in Poetry from the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and joined Origin Systems as the lead designer of Ultima Online. Koster was also the lead designer of ”Ultima Online: The Second Age”, ”Ultima Online Live”, and an unannounced and cancelled title until 2000, when he joined Verant Interactive in Austin as the creative director of ”Star Wars Galaxies”.

Promoted to chief creative officer in 2003, he relocated to Sony Online Entertainment in San Diego where he spent three years primarily responsible for business development. In March 2006, Koster left the company to pursue other opportunities. As of July 2, he is currently working on “something indie … something that is [hopefully] disruptive and different and not games as usual.” [http://www.raphkoster.com/2006/07/01/a-big-day/] This venture was revealed as Areae on 2006-12-15. [http://www.raphkoster.com/2006/12/15/announcing-areae/]

Koster is a charter member of the Academy of Interactive Arts and Sciences, and a member of the IGDA, ASCAP, and Omicron Delta Kappa. He is also a frequent speaker at game industry conferences such as the GDC, DICE, State of Play, and E3. He presently lives in San Diego, California with his wife, daughter, and son.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Raph Koster, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Atomic Mall is a multi-seller online marketplace based in Yakima, Washington. It was launched in July 2008 by founder Mike Shannon, who had previously worked as an independent software publisher and distributor, and had developed and operated private ecommerce sites in the retail sector. As of June 2010, Atomicmall.com hosts over 45,000 established members, roughly 1/4 million active product listings, and nearly 8.4 million total items for sale with an aggregate market value approaching a quarter billion dollars.

Although many companies in this market space adhere to the online auction business model, Atomic Mall presently offers items in a fixed-price format, making it the online

equivalent of a shopping mall, hence the origin of the domain name. Sellers on the site may also elect to receive offers on their items, making negotiations possible prior to completing

sales. The site’s search engine crawls each merchant’s store when queries are entered and presents results which include all sellers’ relevant items. Each seller is also

able to create their own storefront space, each incorporating a high degree of customization including banners, fonts, categories, splash messages, and even special effects.

When a product search is done within a seller’s store, only items for that store are returned within the results, creating a “store within a store” effect for

shoppers. Even though a shopper’s activities can easily be confined to a single seller’s storefront, access to the core site remains available through links on each page,

allowing buyers to toggle between sitewide searches and centralized in-store browsing.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Atomic Mall, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Web-to-print, also known as Web2Print or remote publishing, is a commercial prepress process that bridges the gap between digital content online and commercial print production. This process allows a print house, a client, and possibly a graphic designer to create, edit, and approve computer-based online templates during the prepress phase. This process increasingly calls for a Portable Document Format (PDF) workflow environment with output provided by digital printing; although there is certainly no requirement that fulfillment be accomplished using digital production equipment; Web-to-print is also used today by printers with both offset and digital production facilities.

Web-to-print is targeted toward commercial users or to the general public, and both groups may access public or private online storefronts or catalogues offered by print houses. Within these storefronts, customers can choose pre-designed templates where they can alter the typeface, copy, images, and layout within a template, or approve a template layout and design that has been created by another person. While most Web-to-print applications allow clients to customize pre-designed templates it also frequently possible for clients to upload their own unique content for automated print production. When a digital press is used for the final output, the template usually is transformed into a PDF file that serves as the ‘master plate’ for the digital press. In more traditional printing processes, like offset printing, the template is used to create a plate or plates that are used to produce the final printed product.

Materials produced by a Web-to-print process include business cards, brochures, and stationery, among other printed matter, that can be printed in full color or in black and white on various papers and on various presses. Web-to-print systems are also expanding to handle personalization and distribution of other marketing materials such as presentations, seminars, logo items, and even email and other electronic media. This change is driven by enterprise clients seeking a single repository/tool to manage all marketing efforts including print.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Web-to-print, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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IU East offers over 50 degree programs at the bachelor’s and master’s degree levels. Forty-eight of these are conferred through Indiana University, whereas six are conferred through Purdue University.

Academic schools

Indiana University East is organized into seven schools:

*School of Business & Economics

:The School of Business & Economics at Indiana University East hosts the following areas of academic study: Accounting, Finance, Business Administration, Marketing, and Management Information Services and is accredited by the Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP). On-campus programs offered by the school include a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration with concentrations in Accounting (CPA or Managerial tracks), Finance, and Management Information Systems, minors in Economics and Entrepreneurship, undergraduate certificates in Fundamental Business and International Business, and a post-baccalaureate certificate in General Business. In addition to on-campus courses and programs, the School of Business & Economics offers a degree completion program leading to a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration in cooperation with Ivy Tech Community College at the Ivy Tech Riverfront Campus in Lawrenceburg, IN , as well as online. The online degree completion program, several introductory courses in Business and Economics, and the concentration in Finance are available through IUEverywhere, the online division of Indiana University East.

*School of Education

:The School of Education at Indiana University East hosts the following areas of academic study: Elementary Education, Secondary Education with specialization in English, Social Studies, and Science as well as Master of Science in Education.

*School of Humanities & Social Sciences

:The School of Humanities & Social Sciences at Indiana University East hosts the following areas of academic study: Anthropology, Communication Studies, Criminal Justice, Fine Arts, World Languages and Cultures, Women’s & Gender Studies, Geography, History, Humanities, Music, Philosophy, Political Science, Psychology, Religious Studies, Sociology, Theater and the Department of English. In addition to on-campus courses and programs, the School of Humanities & Social Sciences offers online degree completion programs available through IUEverywhere. Two programs are available: a Bachelor of Arts in Communication Studies and a Bachelor of Arts in English (Technical and Professional Writing).

*School of Natural Science & Mathematics

:The School of Natural Science & Mathematics at Indiana University East hosts the following areas of academic study: Biology, Biotechnology, Chemistry, Earth Sciences, Mathematics, and Physics.

*School of Nursing

*School of Social Work

*School of Continuing Studies

Special programs

* Honors Program

* IUEverywhere

:*IUEverywhere is the online division of IU East. Through IUEverywhere, the university offers numerous online courses, as well as three bachelor’s degree completion programs and one online graduate certificate. The online programs leading to the Bachelor of Arts in Communication Studies, Bachelor of Arts in English-Technical & Professional Writing, and Bachelor of Science in Business Administration degrees received official approval in the Fall of 2009 and are accredited through the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools. The programs are designed to offer students who have already completed most, if not all, of the necessary general education and program prerequisite courses an opportunity to complete their junior and senior level courses online. In addition to its three degree completion programs, IU East offers a 15-credit Graduate Certificate in Composition Studies also available online through IUEverywhere.

* Internships

* Service Learning

* Study Abroad

Purdue University College of Technology

Indiana University East hosts a branch of Purdue University College of Technology. Certificates and degrees for the following programs at IU East are awarded by the Purdue University College of Technology:

*Computer Graphics Technology (A.S.)

*Industrial Technology (B.S., Certificate)

*Mechanical Engineering Technology (A.S.)

*Organizational Leadership and Supervision (B.S., A.S., Certificate)

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Indiana University East, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Auto-online was launched in 1998 as a B2C offering. The new B2C (Fleet to Street) channel was initially tested with Hertz in 2003, then Inchcape and finally with the Bank of Scotland. Following the pilot, a number of major fleet disposers now utilise the channel.

It has developed at a steady pace and describes its vision as allowing the retail public to safely buy used cars online. This is now widely praised in the testimonial section of Carsite.

Auto-Online is a fully eBay compatible application. In 2007 ukautosite, Carsite’s eBay shop, was awarded the eBay motor seller of the year award.

Auto-online have a team of in-house programmers who have specifically designed a fleet disposal system, enabling the process to be carried out electronically. This process is fully automated.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Auto-online, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Jeffrey T. Kuhner is a radio host in Washington DC on WTNT, a columnist and writer. He is a regular contributor to the commentary pages of ”The Washington Times”, where he writes a weekly column, and has written for ”Human Events”, ”National Review Online” and ”Investor’s Business Daily”. He is also the president of the [http://www.edmundburkeinstitute.org/ Edmund Burke Institute for American Renewal], a Washington D.C. think tank devoted to integrating minorities into the conservative movement. The Institute produces a monthly magazine, ”Reflections”, to which he regularly contributes. He is also a radio personality, appearing often as a guest or fill-in host of the “Savage Nation” and the Jerry Doyle Show.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Jeffrey T. Kuhner, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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