XHTML+Voice (commonly X+V) is an XML language for describing multimodal user interfaces. The two essential modalities are visual and auditory. Visual interaction is defined like most current web pages via XHTML. Auditory components are defined by a subset of Voice XML. Interfacing the voice and visual components of X+V documents is accomplished through a combination of ECMAScript, JavaScript, and XML Events.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article XHTML+Voice, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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whCMS uses PHP as its scripting engine and MySQL as its database engine. The output is compliant with the XHTML 1.0 and CSS 2.0 web standards. It uses HTML, JavaScript and CSS compression and caching. Also, accessibility standards of the Dutch government are used as a guide for generating accessible output.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article WhCMS, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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In ECMAScript (as well as its derivatives JavaScript and ActionScript), an object with methods can be written using the object literal like this:

var newobj = {

var1: true,

var2: “very interesting”,

method1: function }{;

newobj.method1;

newobj.method2;

To briefly state the difference from normal class definition syntax, the keyword “class” is absent and the semicolon used in languages like C++ and C# is replaced by the comma.

These object literals are similar to anonymous classes in other languages like Java.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Literal (computer science), under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article History of Internet Explorer, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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YUI-Ext was available under the BSD license. In 2008 the open source license associated with Ext was changed. In version 2.0.2, the authors stated that Ext was available under an LGPL-style license as long as you “plan to use Ext in a personal, educational or non-profit manner” or “in an open source project that precludes using non-open source software” or “are using Ext in a commercial application that is not a software development library or toolkit”. This was no longer the case with ExtJS 2.1. Some people claimed that the license conditions as the authors described it stood while others claimed that clause 7 of the LGPL-style license enabled the software to be used by all regardless of Ext’s conditions. The Ext authors claim that section 7 of the LGPL as it is worded does not apply to “conditions” which their license requires before distribution under the LGPL is permitted as opposed to “additional restrictions” which section 7 allows a distributor to remove.

On 20 April 2008, Ext 2.1 was released under a new dual license which allowed the options of the full GPL 3.0 license or a commercial license.

The change in license over time, from a permissive open source license to a restrictive dual license, caused controversy in the ExtJS user community.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Ext (JavaScript library), under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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* CSE HTML Validator includes a DTD based validator which can optionally be used, however one of CSE HTML Validator’s primary benefit is its custom validation engine which can perform many more checks on a document than a DTD based validator can. This is because DTD based validators are limited to checking for problems that can be specified in a Document Type Definition.

* CSE HTML Validator is an offline desktop application for Microsoft Windows. However, an online version based on the lite edition is available at [http://www.onlinewebcheck.com/ OnlineWebCheck.com]. This is in contrast to the online W3C Markup Validation Service.

* Checks HTML/XHTML syntax, CSS, links, spelling, accessibility, JavaScript, and PHP with one pass, while DTD based validators are often more limited, checking mostly for basic tag structure and allowable attributes.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article CSE HTML Validator, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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PAS 78 covers the general principles of building an accessible website, along with a discussion of how disabled people use computers and websites. The heart of the document covers the Web technologies (HTML, CSS, JavaScript), as well as rich media format (such as PDF, Flash, audio and video). The section on testing covers technical testing (page validation) as well as user testing, including testing with disabled people. The last section covers contracting external companies, focusing on choosing a website developer.

The supplementary documentation contains a number of resources including suggested user profiles for building up test cases, success criteria, suggested questions for web design agencies, available accreditation schemes, how to select a content management system and a collection of references including organisations and books about web accessibility.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article PAS 78, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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In addition to web browsers and servers, JavaScript interpreters are embedded in a number of tools. Each of these applications provides its own object model which provides access to the host environment, with the core JavaScript language remaining mostly the same in each application.

Embedded scripting language

* Apple’s Dashboard Widgets, Apple’s Safari 5 extensions, Microsoft’s Gadgets, Yahoo! Widgets, Google Desktop Gadgets, Serence Klipfolio are implemented using JavaScript.

* Adobe’s Acrobat and Adobe Reader (formerly Acrobat Reader) support JavaScript in PDF files.

* Tools in the Adobe Creative Suite, including Photoshop, Illustrator, Dreamweaver and InDesign, allow scripting through JavaScript.

* OpenOffice.org office application suite allows for JavaScript as one of its scripting languages.

* The interactive music signal processing software Max/MSP released by Cycling ’74, offers a JavaScript model of its environment for use by developers. It allows much more precise control than the default GUI-centric programming model.

* ECMAScript was included in the VRML97 standard for scripting nodes of VRML scene description files.

* Some high-end Philips universal remote panels, including TSU9600 and TSU9400, can be scripted using a JavaScript-based tool called ProntoScript.

* Sphere is an open source and cross platform computer program designed primarily to make role-playing games that use JavaScript as a scripting language.

* The open-source [http://www.green-eyed-monster.com/reanimator/ Re-Animator] framework allows developing 2D sprite-based games using JavaScript and XML.

* Methabot is a web crawler that uses JavaScript as scripting language for custom filetype parsers and data extraction using E4X.

* The game engine Unity supports three scripting languages: JavaScript, C#, and Boo.

* DX Studio uses the SpiderMonkey implementation of JavaScript for game and simulation logic.

* Maxwell Render provides an ECMA standard based scripting engine for tasks automation.

* Google Docs Spreadsheet has a script editor which allows users to create custom formulas, automate repetitive tasks and also interact with other Google products such as Gmail.

Scripting engine

* Microsoft’s Active Scripting technology supports JScript as a scripting language. This is often considered compatible with JavaScript, but Microsoft lists many JScript features that are not compliant with ECMA standards.

* The Java programming language, in version SE 6 (JDK 1.6), introduced the javax.script package, including a JavaScript implementation based on Mozilla Rhino. Thus, Java applications can host scripts that access the application’s variables and objects, much like web browsers host scripts that access the browser’s Document Object Model (DOM) for a webpage.

* The Qt C++ toolkit includes a QtScript module to interpret JavaScript, analogous to javax.script.

* Late Night Software’s JavaScript OSA (aka JavaScript for OSA, or JSOSA), is a freeware alternative to AppleScript for Mac OS X. It is based on the Mozilla 1.5 JavaScript implementation, with the addition of a MacOS object for interaction with the operating system and third-party applications.

Application platform

* ActionScript, the programming language used in Adobe Flash, is another implementation of the ECMAScript standard.

* The Mozilla platform, which underlies Thunderbird, Firefox and some other web browsers, uses JavaScript to implement the graphical user interface (GUI) of its various products.

* Adobe Integrated Runtime is a JavaScript runtime that allows developers to create desktop applications.

* webOS uses the WebKit implementation of JavaScript as a part of its application framework.

* CA, Inc.’s AutoShell cross-application scripting environment is built on JavaScript/SpiderMonkey with preprocessor like extensions for command definitions and custom classes for various system related tasks like file i/o, operation system command invocation and redirection and COM scripting.

* GNOME Shell, the shell for the nobr|GNOME 3 desktop environment. The Seed, [http://live.gnome.org/Gjs Gjs] (from Gnome) and [http://xmelegance.org/kjsembed/ Kjsembed] (from KDE) packages are aimed to utilize that needs.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article JavaScript, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Since its beginnings OTRS has been implemented in the programming language Perl. The web interface is made more user-friendly by using JavaScript (which can be switched off for security reasons). Different functionalities are implemented as reusable backend modules, making it possible to create custom modules to extend the functionality of the OTRS system.

The web interface itself uses its own templating mechanism called DTL (Dynamic Template Language) to facilitate the display of the systems output data.

Originally, OTRS worked only on MySQL databases. Support has since been added for PostgreSQL, Oracle, DB2 and Microsoft SQL Server. OTRS may be used on many UNIX or UNIX-like platforms (e.g. Linux, Mac OS X, FreeBSD, etc.) as well as on MS Windows.

The scalability of OTRS systems may be increased by using mod_perl for the Apache Webserver or by separating the database and web server systems, allowing a large number of simultaneously working agents and high volumes of tickets.

In UNIX and UNIX-like environments OTRS works closely with system programs like the mail transfer agent Postfix or the mail filter procmail.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article OTRS, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Quicknet is an Ajax framework (using XMLHttpRequest in JavaScript) designed to develop web applications or websites that use passwords to identify correct users. Using this framework, no cleartext password would be sent over the network or stored in the server. Quicknet supports multi-language, JavaScript cooperative multitasking, AJAX call, session and password management, modular structure, XML content, and JavaScript animation. It uses PHP on the server side, and JavaScript on the client side.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Quicknet, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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