Basics of Polynomials

Definition

A polynomial in ‘x’ is an algebraic expression consisting of a single term or a finite sum of

terms in the form axn, where ‘a’ is any real number and ‘n’ is a non-negative integer.

Examples

4×5

1/4 x3-4.32+1

5x-2

6×2+2x-7

3×3-7×2-6x+4

The following are the examples of algebraic expressions which

are not polynomials:

3 x-2-2x-3 3 is not a polynomial because exponents of the variables have to

be non-negative integers.

2 / x 3 is not a polynomial as the power (or exponent) of x is a negative integer

Each term in the polynomial is called a monomial, which consists of a constant term multiplied

by one or more variables. Each variable may have a constant positive integer called the exponent.

The exponent on the variable is the degree of the variable.

In the term, axn, ‘a’ is called the coefficient of the term and ‘n’ which is the exponent of the

term is called the degree of the term. The coefficients take on the sign before the term.

For example, consider the polynomial 4×3 – 3×2 + 7x + 9, the coefficient of x3 is 4, the

coefficient of x2 is – 3, the coefficient of x is 7 and 9 is the constant term.

Constant term

in the polynomial is a term with no variables preceding or succeeding it.

The constant term is a monomial with

Examples

7, – 22, -4/6

A polynomial is usually written in the descending order of powers of a variable.

Examples

8×3-3×2+1 , 2×3-5x+7

Classification of Polynomials according to the number of terms Monomial

A polynomial with one term is called a Monomial.

Examples

2x, 7xy, 11x3y6 are some examples of monomials.

Binomial

A polynomial with two terms is called a Binomial.

Examples

3x + 1, 2×3 – 5x, x4 – 4 are some examples of binomials.

Trinomial

A polynomial with three terms is called a Trinomial.

Examples

2×2 + 4x – 11, 4×3 – 13x + 9, 7×3 – 22×2 + 24x are some examples of trinomials.

Degree of a Polynomial

The degree of a polynomial in one variable is the highest power of the variable in that polynomial.

The degree of the polynomial 7×3 – 4×2 + 2x + 9 is 3, as the highest power of the variable ‘x’ is 3.

The degree of a monomial with more than one variable is the sum of the exponents (powers) on those variables.

Examples

24xyz is a monomial with degree 3.(Sum of degrees of x, y and z = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3)

13x4y2z7 is a monomial with degree 13. (Sum of degrees of x, y and z = 4 + 2 + 7 = 13)

The degree of a polynomial with more than one variable is the degree of the monomial of the highest degree in that polynomial.

Examples

Degree of the polynomial 7x3y2 z6 – 4x2y6z – 9x + 15 is 11.

(Highest degree is that of the first monomial 3 + 2 + 6 = 11)

Leading Coefficient of a Polynomial

The leading coefficient of the polynomial is the coefficient of the variable with the

greatest degree. The leading coefficient of the polynomial 8×2 + 6x – 3 is 8 because it

is the coefficient of x2, the variable with highest degree.

Evaluation of a Polynomial

Evaluation of a Polynomial: Evaluation of a polynomial consists of assigning a

numerical value to each of its variables and carrying out the indicated mathematical operations.

Examples

Evaluate the polynomial 4×3 + 6 when x = 2

4×3 + 6 = 4X(2)3 + 6

= 4X(8) + 6

= 32 + 6 = 38

Evaluate the polynomial 5×2 + 3x – 4 when x = 3

5×2 + 3x – 4 = 5 (3)2 + 3X(3) – 4

= 5 X(9) + 3X(3) – 4

= 45 + 9 – 4 = 50

Further Reading on Polynomials

Addition of Polynomials

Subtraction of Polynomials

Multiplication of Polynomials

Division of Polynomials

Additional Links for Polynomials

Click here for samples

Click here for Mathematics Dictionary

iCoachMath

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By: Eden Ali

Examples of insurance accident

Posted in News by Addy on Jun 20th, 2007 | Edit This

In case of accident insurance the insurers agree to pay the defined sum to suffered person for arm or leg loss.

The insurer’s right on producing the claims to guilty side can appear, for example, when the policy holder had damages, on which there are some bligations os insurer to compensate this loss according to insurance policy terms, but in the same time policy holder has the right to demand the compensation from the other person, as for civil liability in car insurance. The owner of such auto insurance policy can demand the damage compensation from his insurers in endamagement to other person based on the policy terms. If insurers pay this damage, than they will get the right to get the sums, which can be receved by policy owner from guilty side according to the common law.

Therefore in example auto insurance policy holders have the right to demand from the insurer to make action to the guilty side. Meanwhile, if the compensation will be received, it is subjected to paymanet for insurers. Maybe such event can occur, that policy holder has the right to claim to guilty side under some contract terms. For example, in insurance of the goods party, transported with motor transport in defined direction, policy holder has contract with goods carrier, according to which the carrier must take care of its safety. If there was theft after goods were left without proper care during the night, than policy holder can demand compensation of goods cost from insurers. They’ll pay. Then they can demand to claim to the carrier for breach of contract and sums,got from the carrier, are repayble to insurers.

Eden Ali

Author Bio

Visit my BLOGS: Laptop Reviews, acer vs acer

competitions,
Mesothelioma Cancer Information, treatment,

symptoms, diagnosis

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If you are a budding web developer or are looking to learn a web programming language then you really should consider learning php. In this article I’ll present 10 good reasons why php should be one of the modern web programming languages on your professional development short-list.

1: Free, experienced support from a 1000 php communities

Actually, there are probably many more than 1000 communities that can provide you with php help. There are literally hundreds of dedicated PHP web development forums and hundreds more that have php sub-forums. Help for the php beginner is literally a forum post away. Generally speaking you’ll find an answer to your problem in a very short time. Getting help from more experienced php coders is a great pleasure because it can remove a lot of the uncertainty accompanying learning something new.

2: The cost of an open source application is nothing

Unlike other propriety coding languages (notably Microsoft’s aspx language) you don’t pay a cent to get started with php programming. In fact you don’t need to obtain or download any php software to begin. Simply use an open source editing tool and start coding. Upload your code to a cheap hosting account and you are away. You can readily obtain open source editors from a variety of sources. A search on Google for “php editors” returns hundreds of possibilities. As you progress you can download packages such as LAMP or WAMP so you can see php in action in a live server environment.

3: Open source has better security – because everyone knows what is in it

Again, unlike propriety web serving systems, everyone can see what php is made of. Some people will argue that this makes php less secure because everyone knows what php specific exploits exist. My view is that the open nature of PHP literally “forces” the php developers and community to keep abreast of security issues and to respond to them as soon as possible. Be aware however that it is easy to make simple security mistakes with php – and all languages suffer from this characteristic – you just need to do your research to keep your web applications secure.

4: Hundreds of existing php code examples

In addition to forums that provide advice and experience for free you’ll also find hundreds of examples that will help you get started and move ahead as a PHP Programmer. From simple code to connect to a database, more complex examples that allow you to grab data from an external website or a full-blown example of AJAX and php integration it is all there for you to study, take apart and build upon.

5: Scores of existing code frameworks

Frameworks are a relatively recent development and they can save you heaps of time and heaps of heartache. Simply, frameworks are like pre-fabricated houses. A team of developers have combined their efforts to solve the problem of repetitive programming tasks. Frameworks allow you to get up and running with both simple and complicated web applications in a matter of hours. There are scores of php frameworks for a wide variety of tasks. Again a simple search on Google will provide you with a large array of frameworks to choose from and explore.

6: Interoperability with web 2.0 applications

Modern web 2.0 applications are largely characterized by mashups and desktop style user interfaces. php is an excellent choice for interacting with other websites and providing rich user experience. Simple php commands like curl or fopen allow you to grab data from other websites with relative ease. Php works well with javascript so you can provide your end users with modern, responsive interfaces that are way beyond the old static interfaces of days past.

7: Many content management systems use PHP If you decide that you want to be a website designer or programmer then php is an excellent choice. Many of the modern content management systems (CMS) use php. WordPress, Drupal, Joomla – these very popular CMS packages all use php. Each CMS usually has a vibrant php developer community. And if you become expert in one or more php-based CMS then you stand a very good chance of finding ongoing work customizing CMS packages for clients or website providers.

8: php is scalable to the largest web applications

Some of the most frequented and popular websites on the planet use php. PHP will scale up to meet the most exacting requirements for websites such as Joomla.org and WordPress.com. These websites provide 24X7 availability for thousands ofconcurrent users without skipping a beat. If you have the next Facebook or Myspace application in mind then php is definitely a development language worth considering.

9: Most web hosting companies support it

Most of the website hosting providers will support php. It is a standard component of most Linux based hosting accounts. Remember we talked about LAMP and WAMP earlier? Well the ‘P’ stands for php. If you want your applications to run on Linux-based (and some Windows-based) web hosting platforms then php is an obvious choice.

10: Coding with php is fun!

Hopefully by now I have convinced you that php is a web development language that at the very least is worth serious consideration. And while you consider seriously the option of developing with php I’d like to leave you with this last thought: Coding with php is fun. I have spent countless hours writing simple php applications, customizing php-based CMS packages and generally mucking abut with php. And generally speaking (not counting the odd pulling out of my hair every now and then) every hour with php has been more than worth the effort and extremely rewarding.

Rightway Solution is one of the leading outsourcing companies in India, trusted by web development companies to deliver cost effective website Solution, web site development and SEO expertise.

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By: Brandon Bettes

Are you looking for a business you can join for FREE and then do the due diligence if you want to pursue it?  Are you in a MLM business that is too difficult building and earning a steady income?  Do you want to make residual income whether you recruit people or if you do not recruit anyone?  You can in this business. Everyone wins in this business. You make money the first day. This is not a get-rich scheme at all. This is a real business and serious money is being made. They have already paid out millions of hard cash. You get a debit card and you’re paid on that card everyday. I will tell you all about it. Be open-minded this one time and your life will change. I promise you. First, go to the website and go to JOIN NOW at the top middle of the page. It is totally FREE to join. I would prefer that you email me and we will talk and discuss the business.  reason being is that I will email you examples of exactly how you will make money in this business.  The are real live examples too, not fake or unreal incapable examples. Once you get how easy this is you will be telling anyone you know who might be intersted in making a guaranteed second income.

Only serious people email me please.  I get too many emails and phone calls daily about this and I don’t havet time for skeptical people.

Join the best team in the country!!

To Join:

http://www.brandonbettes.adpacs.com/opportunity.html

Best,

Brandon Bettes

bwbettes@gmail.com

Brandon Bettes

Author Bio

I am an Internet Marketing Consultant offering people a guaranteed way to make CASH!

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In this article I will discuss page redirection techniques, what works and what to avoid.

Article Body:

Must read information about site redirection techniques, how it works and what factors to avoid.

What is page redirection and why you should use it in your site?

Let’s say you rewrite a webpage on your website, for making that webpage SEO friendly. As it make strong impact on theme of your webpage and its link popularity factors etc and you wish to insert keywords for improving visibility in the eyes of search engines and human readers.

Let’s take an example and elaborate the topic

Let’s say the page in question is about free SEO analysis of website and I named it page5.htm. Then when I read text in that page and I found out that Search engines like Google, Bing, Yahoo etc use words or phrases in the actual file name as search keywords. Next time when i do a Google search after modified my webpage making it SEO friendly, when I search query regarding SEO analysis of website in Google then I found that my website SEO Spidy is listing in top result. As modifying my webpage and its Meta description and I bold certain keyword in it benefits me as top listing in Google. If you practice same thing then it will benefit to your webpage too.

Questions come in your mind about linking

You will have to point every link on your site to the new page name. If your site is small, then you can manage it easily but when your website is big portal and have 1000 of pages and pages are created dynamically then its ma

Let’s use the previous example, for a long time my page is page5.html was indexed by major search engines. If someone types “Free seo analysis of website” in a search engine box, my page shows up on the second search results screen. But when I update it as Free-seo-analysis-of- website.html then it make strong impact as my website is listing top 3 result in first page of search result. This make a strong impact as search engine update my listing by cache it and remove obsolete page5.html

Lost Page Rank (PR) issues:

Google developed a proprietary algorithm that assigns a Page Rank (PR) to every page on the web. PR is a number from 1 to 10 (10 being the ideal) and is intended to be a representation of how useful and popular a given page is. PR is influenced by many factors, one of the crucial ones being Link Popularity. Link Popularity is a representation of how many “quality” or “relevant” sites link to your page. Without getting into too much detail, it is increasingly difficult and time consuming to achieve a high PR for your pages, especially if you don’t have a really unique website with exceptional and highly sought after content. When you rename a page and discard the old page, you also discard the PR of the page. Your renamed page will be seen as a totally new page, with 0 PR.

What is the solution?

I will start by enumerating some of the methods used by the non-initiated.

Not recommended solution 1: Duplicate content.

First thing that probably comes in your mind is: well, why can’t I just duplicate the page and let nature take its course. In other words, I will have two identical pages, one named page5.html and Free-SEO-Analysis-of-website.html. This gives me time to update all links and the search engines will eventually index the new page.

But unfortunately this solution is not viable because search engines will penalize my site quite badly, ‘thinking’ right that I am are trying to scam them by using the ‘duplicate content’ technique.

Not recommended solution 2: Custom error message.

If i could create a custom error page. However, I will lose rankings on the next search engine update as the file will appear to be non-existent. As discussed above, it could be some time before the page with the new name will be indexed and will appear in people’s searches. Also, your web site visitors will be frustrated by the fact that they now have to dig through your site to find the desired information.

Not recommended solution 3: An HTML Meta redirect.

You could implement a so called Meta refresh in a blank or customized page that has the name of the old page (in our example, page5.html) that points to the Free-seo-analysis-of-website.html webpage. The redirect can be instant, or delayed by a predetermine amount of time. The delayed redirect has the advantage that you can place an extra message, such as “please be aware that the page you are looking for changed location….. etc., etc…. you will be redirected automatically to the new location”

In the past, this was probably the most used technique.

Without getting into the mechanics of the Meta redirect, which is basically a META tag statement you add to your HEADER section, know that there are also JavaScript techniques that achieve similar results.

What is bad about this is that this is a technique often used by spammers to trick search engines and it should be avoided, unless the page is in a section of your site that isn’t indexed (also known as spidered or crawled). Search engine spammers create a page that is optimized for certain keywords and phrases – it usually has no real content. The page is then picked up by some search engines, but when a visitor clicks on the search engine entry, they are redirected to another site, often unrelated. Most search engines have filters to detect this. Using this form of search engine deception will see a site eventually banned or penalized by major search giant such as Google, Bing, Yahoo.

The recommended redirect strategy  – 301 Redirect

A 301 redirect is the most efficient, visitor friendly, robot (spider, crawler) friendly and search engine friendly solution around for web sites that are hosted on servers running Apache. If you are not sure, check with your hosting provider.

A 301 redirect is just a set of commands you type into your .htaccess file.

When a visitor (whether human or robotic) requests a web page via any means, your web server checks for a .htaccess file. The .htaccess file contains specific instructions for certain requests, including security, redirection issues and how to handle certain errors.

The code “301″ is interpreted as “moved permanently”. After the code, the URL of the missing or renamed page is noted, followed by a space, then followed by the new location or file name.

First of all, you’ll need to find the .htaccess file in the root directory of where all your web pages are stored. If there is no .htaccess file there, you can create one with Notepad or a similar application. Make sure when you name the file that you remember to put the “.” at the beginning of the file name. This file has no tail extension.

Some hosting providers offer redirect services through their “control panels”, so you don’t have to perform low level changes on the .htaccess file itself. Instead, they provide a user friendly interface for this. Check with your hosting provider to see what the optimal way to perform a 301 redirect is in your case. I will continue the article with the barebones solution.

If there is a .htaccess file already in existence with lines of code present, be very careful not to change any existing line unless you are familiar with the functions of the file.

Scroll down past all the existing code, leave a line space, then create a new line that follows this example:

redirect 301 /folder/page5.html http://www.Seospidy.com/folder/Free-seo-analysis-of-website.html

It’s as easy as that. Save the file, upload it back into your web and test it out by typing in the old address to the page you’ve changed. You should be instantly and seamlessly transported to the new location.

Notes: Be sure not to add “http://www” to the first part of the statement – just put the path from the top level of your site to the page. Also ensure that you leave a single space between these elements:

redirect 301 (the instruction that the page has moved)

/folder/page5.html (the original folder path and file name)

http://www.seospidy.com/folder/Free-seo-analysis-of-website.html (new path and file name)

The same format applies not only to renamed files, but also to files moved to a different location.

The 301 redirect is the safest way to preserve your rankings. On the next indexing (crawling, spidering), the search engine robot will obey the rule indicated in your .htaccess file and index the new page name every time a link or its internal database tries to access the old page. In the next update (again, this could take months), the old file name and path will be dropped and replaced with the new one. Sometimes you may see alternating old/new file names during the transition period, along with some possible fluctuations in rankings as things settle. Don’t panic, this is normal.

What if your site is hosted on a Microsoft IIS server instead?

If you have access to the server, do this: In internet services manager, right click on the file or folder you wish to redirect. Select the radio titled “a redirection to a URL”. Enter the redirection page, check “The exact url entered above” and the “A permanent redirection for this resource”. Click “Apply”.

If you do not have access to the server, ask your host to point you into the right direction.

In conclusion, the best and the most transparent way (to both human and robotic users) to rename and move files on your web site, while preserving your search engine ranks is the 301 redirect.

At SEO Spidy our expert team in Multilingual Search Engine Optimization can promote your website in a large number of different languages within our globe. Multilingual SEO is one way of gaining worldwide recognition for your site. SEO Spidy estimate that 63% of the world population is non-English Speaking. SEO Spidy have the ability to perform this service for those who want to Promote their site globally, our multilingual search engine optimization offer huge opportunities to bring the right traffic and business to your website.

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Women are always saying things but actually mean another. Before we ponder once more how tricky women are, there is actually a way to somehow decode their rather complicated behavior — through body language. “Actions speak louder than words” is still the cliché of the century, but it’s still real. We may be saying things differently but our bodies send off hints on what we really mean. Below are some body language examples you can use to interpret the woman brain.

Women who often fix, pat or smooth their hair may look hot, but this is a sign of insecurity of how they look. They may are looking for your appreciation and attention. Drumming fingers is a sure sign of impatience while open palms is an expression and innocence and free-spirit. Biting nails is obviously a sign of nervousness, leaning forward is a sign of interest and rubbing both hands means they’re anticipating something happening soon. When she’s resting her cheek on her hand, it means that she’s in deep thought so watch out if she kept telling you she’s fine. Hands clasped may be showing you she’s frustrated and if she keeps folding her arms across her chest, she’s evaluating you. A tilted head may tell you she’s interested, but she’s looking down and away, she is in disbelief. Rubbing or constantly rubbing the tip of her nose looks simple, but it means she’s uncertain and definitely undecided. Crossing her legs, slightly swinging it is one sure sign she’s bored but when she’s sitting up straigh

There are about a hundred other body language examples out there. They’re real simple and subtle and most of time, you’re bound to miss it, but knowing how to detect and decipher them is one helpful method to understand someone better.

If you want to learn and find out more body language examples, visit my website and get a chance to review my more detailed reports on dating, flirting and seduction. My tactics and methods are easy and simple but absolutely effective. So feel free to drop in your questions and I’ll be more than happy to answer them I’ll hear from you soon!

Mark J. Hamilton

Author Bio

Mark Taylor is an expert on seduction attraction and dating. He has helped thousands of men attract beautiful women and get over their shyness and transform into confident men. <a href="”MasterOnlineDater.com”>http://www.masteronlinedater.com””>MasterOnlineDater.com

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In computer programming, command refers to an instruction to the computer to perform a specific task. Every program interacting with a human programmer responds to set of commands. The procedure of entering a set of commands and the syntax is called user interface. There are different forms of commands. For example, programmer inputs special keywords for the program to understand. The keywords work as commands. Another example of a command is the graphics object on the screen. A web page development expert adds various buttons or graphical objects on the screen for users to click on it, thus triggering an action.

The term command is specially used in imperative computer languages.  Programming languages like JavaScript use special commands. JavaScript is mainly designed for web pages that describe procedure and data in terms of methods, objects and properties unlike other languages which generally use statements, variables and routines. Many website development services use JavaScript as it enhances the interactive features and dynamics of web pages.

One of the most powerful commands in JavaScript is the EVAL command. Its uses are very powerful in web-based applications. The JavaScript EVAL command can be very powerful as it reduces code and creates an easy interaction with data. Custom web development programmers specializing in JavaScript know the true features of this command. The common syntax used is EVAL (“ string>”).

The EVAL command allows you to create and execute JavaScript dynamically. The main benefit of

With the EVAL command can work with data not known at load time (example: a user entered data). It takes any string provided by programmers and executes it by returning a result, if applicable. Programmers in websites development firm use this command in a variety of activities. For example, a list of field names can be reduced to a simple array and loop using the EVAL command.

I am the webmaster at www.synapse-consultants.com – a website development services company offering numerous services, such as content management, offshore software development, online marketing, search engine optimization, search marketing, and website maintenance services.

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The introductory paragraph is about gathering the readers interest. This paragraph is the most important because this decides if the essay should be read further or not. Make it as attractive and to the point as possible. The thesis statement should be included outlining the entire content of the essay in one or two sentences. A quotation from a famous person can also be used to enhance the reading experience and engage the readers into the content of the essay writing. It should tell the person who go through, what the essay is about. This mini-outline helps establish all the elements present in the essay. Similarly the last lines of the first paragraph should lead the reader on the rest of the essay.

Discussion

Body — First paragraph:

The first body paragraph should be argumentative, have examples and illustrations. The opening lines of the firs body paragraph should be in a continual form with the last line of the first/introductory paragraph.

The topic should represent the thesis statement again and the last line should be transitional to the 2nd paragraph of body to lead the reader on to there.

Body — Second paragraph:

The 2nd paragraph should be composed of the 2nd argumentative narration and supported with examples and illustrations. If there are no examples or illustrations just follow up what was stated in the previous paragraphs. The topic should be discussed in even more detail and similarly this paragraph also ties in with the subsequent paragraph that is the 3rd paragraph of body.

Body — Thi

This paragraph is different from the previous 2 as it contains the weakest argumentative speech. The topic should again be repeated with help of an example or illustration. This paragraph also serves as closure as it brings about the most prominent point on which the entire essay is based upon. This paragraph should have keywords that related to entire essay and also if possible a reference to the quotation used in the first paragraph. This helps maintain an over all interest and intellect of the essay. This paragraph then leads on to the conclusion of the essay.

Conclusion:

This paragraph should include the following: The conclusion paragraph as the name suggests is the end point of the essay and should be supported yet again with examples and illustrations if possible. The thesis statement should be repeated and the this paragraph must have the essence of all the paragraph before this one. Not only represent but this paragraph should take direct quotes from the previous paragraph to present the argument. The last paragraph is the summary of all the 3 paragraphs before it. personal opinion can also be introduced in this paragraph and to enrich the content of the essay a quotation or a saying can be added for validation and to make the message of the essay stronger and more liable. This paragraph alone has to represent the entire essay. With that a final statement should be given as the verdict to complete the essay with an action or open discussion.

This article can be useful for essay help, my upcoming articles are coursework help, assignment help and homework help related.

John Petrucci

Author Bio

John Petrucci is well known in the Research writing field. John Petrucci wrote many articles to provide aid in education. For more homework help

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Here is a simple tutorial on how to use Javascript to validate a form’s name field. In this tutorial I’ll show how to display the error beside the name field rather than pop-up the error message using the alert function. The error will display stating there is no name in the name field (I use a username field; however, the code can easily apply to a name field) in the error region when the user clicks on the submit button. When the user enters a name in the name field and then resubmits the error is no longer displayed.

Here is the HTML form:

&lt;form name=&quot;register&quot; method=&quot;POST&quot; action=&quot;connect2.php&quot; onsubmit=&quot;return checkWholeForm(this)&quot;&gt;

&lt;fieldset&gt;

&lt;div id=&quot;usernameField&quot;&gt;&lt;label style=&quot;padding-left:20px;&quot; for=&quot;username&quot;&gt;username:&lt;/label&gt;&lt;input type=&quot;text&quot; name=&quot;username&quot; id=&quot;username&quot; size=&quot;30&quot; maxlength=&quot;45&quot; /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;errorMesUsername&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div&gt;&lt;label style=&quot;padding-left:20px;&quot; for=&quot;pass&quot;&gt;password:&lt;/label&gt;&lt;input type=&quot;password&quot; name=&quot;pass&quot; id=&quot;pass&quot; size=&quot;30&quot; maxlength=&quot;45&quot;

&lt;label for=&quot;email&quot;&gt;email:&lt;/label&gt;&lt;input type=&quot;text&quot; name=&quot;email&quot; id=&quot;email&quot; size=&quot;30&quot; maxlength=&quot;45&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;/fieldset&gt;

&lt;input type=&quot;submit&quot; value=&quot;submit&quot; name=&quot;submit&quot; /&gt;

&lt;/form&gt;

Basically, when the user clicks on the submit button the browser is expecting some return value from the checkWholeForm() function. The word ‘this’ is referring to the form as it’s an object. In other words, ‘this object’ is the form. Notice There is a span section beside the username’s input field.

&lt;span id=&quot;errorMesUsername&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

There is nothing displayed to the username when the form is opened as this is where Javascript will return the error message if there is no name entered in the field.

VALIDATE THE FORM USING JAVASCRIPT FUNCTION

Here is the Javascript function for checkWholeForm():

function checkWholeForm(theForm) { with(theForm) { checkUsername(username.value); } return true; }

Notice the above uses a Javascript with() function. All this is saying is that all properties within the curly brackets {} will use the ‘theForm’ object. In other words, this ‘username’ is the property of ‘theForm’ object. The ‘username’ is the value of the ‘name’ attribute in the input tag as follows:

&lt;input type=&quot;text&quot; name=&quot;username&quot; id=&quot;username&quot; size=&quot;30&quot; maxlength=&quot;45&quot; /&gt;

If we chose not to use the with() function then we could write the checkWholeForm(theForm) as follows;

function checkWholeForm(theForm) {

checkUsername(theForm.username.value);

return true;

}

If we were to create additional validations such as for the password field and use the with() function then we could write the checkWholeForm(theForm) as follows:

function checkWholeForm(theForm) {

with(theForm) {

checkUsername(username.value);

checkPassword(pass.value);

}

return true;

}

The ‘pass.value’ is passing the value of the input of the password field to the checkPassword() function. The ‘pass’ is the value of the ‘name’ attribute of the ‘input’ tag. This function is incomplete as it will eventually be validating the password using PREG (Perl Regular Expressions).

function checkUsername (usernameVal) {

this.errorMes = document.getElementById(“errorMesUsername”);

var error = “”;

if (usernameVal == “”) {

error = “You didn’t enter a username.n”;

this.errorMes[removed] = error;

} else if (this.errorMes[removed] != “”) {

this.errorMes[removed] = “”;

} else {

return true;

}

}

DISPALY ERROR MESSAGE IF NO NAME IS ENTERED

The first line with ‘this.errorMes’ is simply creating a local variable. You could create a variable as ‘var errorMes’ instead. I program primarily in PHP so I’m used to using the term ‘this’ when referring to objects. We are getting the element by the id’s value. In other words, the span tag’s attribute ‘id’ has a value of ‘errorMesUsername’. The span tag as you will notice is immediately after the input tag of the user field. This is where the error will display if the user did not enter any value in the user field. The reference to this DOM will be used later in the conditional statements.

Then in the next line we make the variable ‘error’ equal to nothing in case there is a previous value attached to it. Then we check for some conditions. Since this function (i.e. checkUsername()) is checking to see if the user entered any text the first conditional statement is “if (usernameVal == “”)”. Don’t forget the double equal (i.e.’==’) signs for conditional statements. This is different than assigning a value to variable where you only need one equal (i.e.’=') sign. If it turns out that the user did not enter any text in the username field then we assign the value of variable ‘error’ which equals “You didn’t enter a username.n” to be placed within the span tag (i.e. innerHTML) where the attribute ‘id’ equals ‘errorMesUsername’.

DELETE ERROR MESSAGE IF NAME IS ENTERED

The second conditional “else if (this.errorMes.innerHMTL != “”)” is checking to see if there is any value within the span tag. In other words, if there is any error displayed. We need this conditional when the user then enters a name in the field after reading the error message and then resubmits the form. To further explain, if the condition ‘usernameVal == “”‘ returns false or, in other words, if the there is now some text that was entered by the user in the name field then go to the next conditional which is where we are at. Since there is not some entered text in the name field we need to check to see if there is an error displayed in the span tags and if there is then we need to delete it (i.e. not display it). We do this by assigning the value of the span tag to equal to nothing with this line ‘this.errorMes[removed] = “”‘.

As an extra precaution we could have written this ‘else if’ condition as ‘else if (this.errorMes[removed] != “” &amp;&amp; usernameVal != “”)’. The two ampersands are an extra condition that must be met. ‘usernameVal != “” means if the variable ‘usernameVal’ does not equal to nothing or more simply put if the variable ‘usernameVal’ equals to something (i.e. some text was entered in the name field). Double negative equals a positive.

Just as a note, we could have used the Javascript function onchange() instead of using this conditional statement. Onchange() function will check if the user starts typing any text in the name field. As soon as the user types any text then we can return another function value based on what the user starts typing.

The last ‘else’ conditional is simply a catchall in case the other conditions don’t pass for whatever reason.

So the entire Javascript code looks like:

function checkWholeForm(theForm) {

with(theForm) {

checkUsername(username.value);

}

return true;

}

function checkUsername (usernameVal) {

this.errorMes = document.getElementById(“errorMesUsername”);

var error = “”;

if (usernameVal == “”) {

error = “You didn’t enter a username.n”;

this.errorMes[removed] = error;

} else if (this.errorMes[removed] != “”) {

this.errorMes[removed] = “”;

} else {

return true;

}

}

This is a basic example of Javascript validating a name field. We’ll go into more validation checks for the form’s fields in upcoming tutorials.

Javascript Tutorial, tips, guides. Victor Kimura
Javascript Tutorial Javascript Validate Name Field

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