The html element is the root element of the W3C standard DOM, but Internet Explorer versions 4 through 6 include a mysterious parent element. Fully-compliant browsers will ignore the * html selector, while IE4-6 will process it normally. This enables rules to be specified for these versions of Internet Explorer which will be ignored by all other browsers. For example, this rule specifies text size in Internet Explorer 4-6, but not in any other browsers.

* html p {font-size: 5em; }

This hack uses fully valid CSS.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article CSS filter, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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whCMS uses PHP as its scripting engine and MySQL as its database engine. The output is compliant with the XHTML 1.0 and CSS 2.0 web standards. It uses HTML, JavaScript and CSS compression and caching. Also, accessibility standards of the Dutch government are used as a guide for generating accessible output.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article WhCMS, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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In the web hosting industry, the term is used to describe a situation in which a company provides hosting plans that are unsustainable if every one of its customers uses the full extent of services advertised. The term is usually referred to the web space and bandwidth transfer allowance. A hosting company may offer unlimited space and unlimited bandwidth, however, they put other restrictions in place such as CPU usage or inode limit. They may have onerous restrictions and one-sided contracts that lets them cancel the hosting of anybody that puts a strain on their system or fully uses their claimed allotments.

This practice usually incurs little ill-effect since most customers do not use any significant portion of their allocated share. If a customer has a small, low-traffic site serving static HTML pages, few resources will be used. If a customer wishes to run a high-traffic, professional, or business website an oversold hosting account can be detrimental. In these cases, a shared hosting provider that does not oversell, a virtual private server or dedicated server is a preferred option.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Overselling, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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In HTML a imagemap is made of the actual image, that is embedded with the -Tag. The image gets simultaneously the attibute ”usemap”.

The imagemap comprise -Tag and in the detail of the -tags, which defines the fields with the weblinks. These are similar to the -Tag defining which URL should be opened.

Following code defines a rectangular area (9,372,66,397) with an link to the English Wikipedia:

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Image map, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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DHTML allows authors to add effects to their pages that are otherwise difficult to achieve. For example, DHTML allows the page author to:

Animate text and images in their document, independently moving each element from any starting point to any ending point, following a predetermined path or one chosen by the user.

Embed a ticker that automatically refreshes its content with the latest news, stock quotes, or other data.

Use a form to capture user input, and then process and respond to that data without having to send data back to the server.

Include rollover buttons or drop-down menus.

A less common use is to create browser-based action games. During the late 1990s and early 2000s, a number of games were created using DHTML, but differences between browsers made this difficult: many techniques had to be implemented in code to enable the games to work on multiple platforms. Recently browsers have been converging towards the web standards, which has made the design of DHTML games more viable. Those games can be played on all major browsers and they can also be ported to Widgets for Mac OS X and Gadgets for Windows Vista, which are based on DHTML code.

The term “DHTML” has fallen out of use in recent years, as DHTML scripts often tended to not work well between various web browsers. DHTML may now be referred to as unobtrusive JavaScript coding (DOM Scripting), in an effort to place an emphasis on agreed-upon best practices while allowing similar effects in an accessible, standards-compliant way.

Some disadvantages of DHTML are that it is difficult to develop and debug due to varying degrees of support among web browsers of the technologies involved, and that the variety of screen sizes means the end look can only be fine-tuned on a limited number of browser and screen-size combinations. Development for relatively recent browsers, such as Internet Explorer 5.0+, Mozilla Firefox 2.0+, and Opera 7.0+, is aided by a shared Document Object Model. Basic DHTML support was introduced with Internet Explorer 4.0, although there was a basic dynamic system with Netscape Navigator 4.0.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Dynamic HTML, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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;Traditional DHTML:

* Uses a scripting language and valid markup (HTML/XHTML/XML/etc.)

* May be browser-specific

* May require code forking

* Is web only

* Was used with non-standardized markup

;DOM scripting:

* Uses a scripting language and valid markup (HTML/XHTML/XML/etc.)

* Can be used with any programming/scripting language

* Aims to be browser independent, is browser independent among standards-compliant browsers

* Is web only

* May degrade gracefully

Adapted from the Wikipedia article DOM scripting, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Adobe Integrated Runtime (AIR), also known as Adobe AIR, is a cross-platform runtime environment developed by Adobe Systems for building rich Internet applications using Adobe Flash, Adobe Flex, HTML, or Ajax, that can be deployed as desktop applications.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Adobe Integrated Runtime, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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There are three major types of WCMS: offline processing, online processing, and hybrid systems. These terms describe the deployment pattern for the WCMS in terms of when presentation templates are applied to render Web pages from structured content.

Online processing (called “frying” systems)

These systems apply templates on-demand. HTML may be generated when a user visits the page, or pulled from a cache.

Most open source WCMSs have the capability to support add-ons, which provide extended capabilities including forums, blog, wiki, web-stores, photo-galleries, contact-management, etc. These are often called modules, nodes, widgets, add-ons or extensions. Add-ons may be based on an open-source or paid license model.

Different WCMSs have significantly different feature-sets and target audiences.

Hybrid systems

Some systems combine the offline and online approaches. Some systems write out executable code (e.g. JSP, ASP, PHP, ColdFusion, or Perl pages) rather than just static HTML, so that the CMS itself does not need to be deployed on every Web server. Other hybrids operate in either an online or offline mode.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Web content management system, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Since the mid-1990s, web development has been one of the fastest growing industries in the world. In 1995 there were fewer than 1,000 web development companies in the United States, but by 2005 there were over 30,000 such companies in the U.S. alone. The growth of this industry is being pushed by large businesses wishing to sell products and services to their customers and to automate business workflow.

In addition, cost of Web site development and hosting has dropped dramatically during this time. Instead of costing tens of thousands of dollars, as was the case for early websites, one can now develop a simple web site for less than a thousand dollars, depending on the complexity and amount of content. Smaller Web site development companies are now able to make web design accessible to both smaller companies and individuals further fueling the growth of the web development industry. As far as web development tools and platforms are concerned, there are many systems available to the public free of charge to aid in development. A popular example is the LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP), which is usually distributed free of charge. This fact alone has manifested into many people around the globe setting up new Web sites daily and thus contributing to increase in web development popularity. Another contributing factor has been the rise of easy to use WYSIWYG web development software, most prominently Adobe Dreamweaver, Netbeans, WebDev, or Microsoft Expression Studio. Using such software, virtually anyone can develop a Web page in a matter of minutes. Knowledge of HyperText Markup Language (HTML), or other programming languages is not required, but recommended for professional results.

The next generation of web development tools uses the strong growth in LAMP, Java Platform, Enterprise Edition technologies and Microsoft .NET technologies to provide the Web as a way to run applications online. Web developers now help to deliver applications as Web services which were traditionally only available as applications on a desk based computer.

Instead of running executable code on a local computer, users are interacting with online applications to create new content. This has created new methods in communication and allowed for many opportunities to decentralize information and media distribution. Users are now able to interact with applications from many locations, instead of being tied to a specific workstation for their application environment.

Examples of dramatic transformation in communication and commerce led by web development include e-commerce. Online auction sites such as eBay have changed the way consumers consume and purchase goods and services. Online resellers such as Amazon.com and Buy.com (among many, many others) have transformed the shopping and bargain hunting experience for many consumers. Another good example of transformative communication led by web development is the blog. Web applications such as WordPress and Movable Type have created easily implemented blog environments for individual Web sites. Open source content management systems such as Joomla!, Drupal, XOOPS, and TYPO3 and enterprise content management systems such as Alfresco have extended web development into new modes of interaction and communication.

In addition, web development has moved to a new phase of Internet communication. Computer web sites are no longer simply tools for work or commerce but used most for communication. Websites such as Facebook and Twitter provide users a platform to freely communicate. This new form of web communication is also changing e-commerce through the number of hits and online advertisement.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Web development, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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* CSE HTML Validator includes a DTD based validator which can optionally be used, however one of CSE HTML Validator’s primary benefit is its custom validation engine which can perform many more checks on a document than a DTD based validator can. This is because DTD based validators are limited to checking for problems that can be specified in a Document Type Definition.

* CSE HTML Validator is an offline desktop application for Microsoft Windows. However, an online version based on the lite edition is available at [http://www.onlinewebcheck.com/ OnlineWebCheck.com]. This is in contrast to the online W3C Markup Validation Service.

* Checks HTML/XHTML syntax, CSS, links, spelling, accessibility, JavaScript, and PHP with one pass, while DTD based validators are often more limited, checking mostly for basic tag structure and allowable attributes.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article CSE HTML Validator, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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