Open Source Components

* Apache

** Webserver

* Qmail with Qpsmtpd

** Mail server

* Djbdns and dnscach

** Domain name system server

* Proftpd

** FTP server

* Samba

** windows file sharing

* SSH, PPTP, HTTP over SSL

** remote administration

* Flexbackup

** tape backups

* Horde

** webmail

Adapted from the Wikipedia article SME Server, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Zentyal Platform uses an open source model, with all the source code available for its users.

Design

Zentyal is a web application using Apache webserver with mod perl as foundation and Mason components as building blocks, mainly written in object oriented Perl, with some Javascript for visual improvements.

Its design incorporates modern programming techniques as:

* Design patterns: an Observer design pattern is used mainly to integrate different modules across Zentyal. E.g. each service reports about which ports it needs to be open. Besides this, a Singleton holds global configuration and behaviour details.

* Presentation and logic decoupling: user interface uses CSS and Ajax, and include several Mason components, as a generic table used to configure services. Program logic is held inside library packages and CGI-like code.

* Fault tolerance: errors and warnings are managed through software exceptions, flowing from core to its handling routine.

It also offers debugging facilities, integrating the layout of the execution stack of the Perl 5 interpreter.

Service are monitored and automatically respawned if they die.

Open Source Components

Zentyal is an open source software mostly written in Perl that merges the following open source components:

* Apache

** Webserver

* mod_perl

** CGI engine

* OpenLDAP

** Shared users and groups

* OpenSSL

** Cryptography

* Netfilter/iptables

** Firewall

** NAT

* BIND

** Domain name system server<

* Squid

** Web proxy-cache

* DansGuardian

** Content filtering

* Postfix

** Mail server

* XMPP

** Instant Messaging

* Ntpd

** Clock and date synchronization

* OpenVPN

** Virtual Private Network

* Samba

** Shared storage

** Primary Domain Controller for Windows clients

* Common Unix Printing System (CUPS)

** Shared printers

* Advanced Packaging Tool (APT)

** Software installation and upgrade

* Asterisk

** Voice over Internet Protocol services

* Snort

** Network Intrusion-prevention system

* eGroupware

** Calendar sharing, address book, webmail…

* Dovecot

** IMAP and POP3 server

Adapted from the Wikipedia article EBox, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Windows Server 2008 is built from the same code base as Windows Vista; therefore, it shares much of the same architecture and functionality. Since the code base is common, it automatically comes with most of the technical, security, management and administrative features new to Windows Vista such as the rewritten networking stack (native IPv6, native wireless, speed and security improvements); improved image-based installation, deployment and recovery; improved diagnostics, monitoring, event logging and reporting tools; new security features such as BitLocker and ASLR; improved Windows Firewall with secure default configuration; .NET Framework 3.0 technologies, specifically Windows Communication Foundation, Microsoft Message Queuing and Windows Workflow Foundation; and the core kernel, memory and file system improvements. Processors and memory devices are modeled as Plug and Play devices, to allow hot-plugging of these devices. This allows the system resources to be partitioned dynamically using ”Dynamic Hardware Partitioning”; each partition has its own memory, processor and I/O host bridge devices independent of other partitions.

Server Core

Windows Server 2008 includes a variation of installation called ”Server Core”. ”Server Core” is a significantly scaled-back installation where no Windows Explorer shell is installed. All configuration and maintenance is done entirely through command line interface windows, or by connecting to the machine remotely using Microsoft Management Console. However, Notepad and some control panel applets, such

”Server Core” does not include the .NET Framework, Internet Explorer, Windows PowerShell or many other features not related to core server features. A ”Server Core” machine can be configured for several basic roles: Domain controller/Active Directory Domain Services, ADLDS (ADAM), DNS Server, DHCP Server, file server, print server, Windows Media Server, IIS 7 web server and Hyper-V virtual server. Server Core can also be used to create a cluster with high availability using Failover Clustering or Network Load Balancing.

Andrew Mason, a program manager on the Windows Server team, noted that a primary motivation for producing a Server Core variant of Windows Server 2008 was to reduce the attack surface of the operating system, and that about 70% of the security vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows from the prior five years would not have affected Server Core.

Active Directory roles

Active Directory roles is expanded with identity, certificate, and rights management services. Active Directory, until Windows Server 2003, allowed network administrators to centrally manage connected computers, to set policies for groups of users, and to centrally deploy new applications to multiple computers. This role of Active Directory is being renamed as Active Directory Domain Services (ADDS). A number of other additional services are being introduced, including Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS), Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (AD LDS), (formerly Active Directory Application Mode, or ADAM), Active Directory Certificate Services (ADCS), and Active Directory Rights Management Services (ADRMS). Identity and certificate services allow administrators to manage user accounts and the digital certificates that allow them to access certain services and systems. Federation management services enable enterprises to share credentials with trusted partners and customers, allowing a consultant to use his company user name and password to log in on a client’s network. ”Identity Integration Feature Pack” is included as ”Active Directory Metadirectory Services”. Each of these services represents a server role.

Failover Clustering

Windows Server 2008 offers high-availability to services and applications through Failover Clustering. Most server features and roles can be kept running with little to no downtime.

In Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2, the way that clusters are qualified is changing significantly with the introduction of the cluster validation wizard. The cluster validation wizard is a feature that is integrated into failover clustering in Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2. With the cluster validation wizard, you can run a set of focused tests on a collection of servers that you intend to use as nodes in a cluster. This cluster validation process tests the underlying hardware and software directly, and individually, to obtain an accurate assessment of how well failover clustering can be supported on a given configuration.

Note: This feature is only available in Enterprise and Datacentre editions of Windows Server.

Windows PowerShell

Windows Server 2008 is the first Windows operating system to ship with Windows PowerShell, Microsoft’s new extensible command line shell and task-based scripting technology. PowerShell is based on object-oriented programming and version 2.0 of the Microsoft .NET Framework and includes more than 120 system administration utilities, consistent syntax and naming conventions, and built-in capabilities to work with common management data such as the Windows Registry, certificate store, or Windows Management Instrumentation. PowerShell’s scripting language was specifically designed for IT administration, and can be used in place of cmd.exe and Windows Script Host.

Self-healing NTFS

In Windows versions prior to Windows Vista, if the operating system detected corruption in the file system of an NTFS volume, it marked the volume “dirty”; to correct errors on the volume, it had to be taken offline. With self-healing NTFS, an NTFS worker thread is spawned in the background which performs a localized fix-up of damaged data structures, with only the corrupted files/folders remaining unavailable without locking out the entire volume and needing the server to be taken down. The operating system now features S.M.A.R.T. detection techniques to help determine when a hard disk may fail.

Hyper-V

Hyper-V is a hypervisor-based virtualization system, forming a core part of Microsoft’s virtualization strategy. It virtualizes servers on an operating system’s kernel layer. It can be thought of as partitioning a single physical server into multiple small computational partitions. Hyper-V includes the ability to act as a Xen virtualization hypervisor host allowing Xen-enabled guest operating systems to run virtualized. A beta version of Hyper-V shipped with certain x86-64 editions of Windows Server 2008, prior to Microsoft’s release of the final version of Hyper-V on 26 June 2008 as a free download. Also, a standalone version of Hyper-V exists. This version also only supports the x86-64 architecture. While the x86 editions of Windows Server 2008 cannot run the Hyper-V integrations, they can run the Manager Console and Hyper-V tools.

Windows System Resource Manager

Windows System Resource Manager (WSRM) is being integrated into Windows Server 2008. It provides resource management and can be used to control the amount of resources a process or a user can use based on business priorities. ”Process Matching Criteria”, which is defined by the name, type or owner of the process, enforces restrictions on the resource usage by a process that matches the criteria. CPU time, bandwidth that it can use, number of processors it can be run on, and allocated to a process can be restricted. Restrictions can be set to be imposed only on certain dates as well.

Server Manager

Server Manager is a new roles-based management tool for Windows Server 2008. It is a combination of ”Manage Your Server” and ”Security Configuration Wizard” from Windows Server 2003. Server Manager is an improvement of the ”Configure my server” dialog that launches by default on Windows Server 2003 machines. However, rather than serve only as a starting point to configuring new roles, ”Server Manager” gathers together all of the operations users would want to conduct on the server, such as, getting a remote deployment method set up, adding more server roles etc., and provides a consolidated, portal-like view about the status of each role.

Other features

Other new or enhanced features include:

Core OS improvements

* Fully multi-componentized operating system.

* Improved hot patching, a feature that allows non-kernel patches to occur without the need for a reboot.

* Support for being booted from Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI)-compliant firmware on x86-64 systems.

* Dynamic Hardware Partitioning

** Support for the hot-addition or replacement of processors and memory, on capable hardware.

Active Directory improvements

* A new “Read-Only Domain Controller” operation mode in Active Directory, intended for use in branch office scenarios where a domain controller may reside in a low physical security environment. The RODC holds a non-writeable copy of Active Directory, and redirects all write attempts to a Full Domain Controller. It replicates all accounts except sensitive ones. In RODC mode, credentials are not cached by default. Moreover, only the replication partner of the RODC needs to run Windows Server 2008. Also, local administrators can log on to the machine to perform maintenance tasks without requiring administrative rights on the domain.

* Restartable Active Directory allows ADDS to be stopped and restarted from the ”Management Console” or the command-line without rebooting the domain controller. This reduces downtime for offline operations and reduces overall DC servicing requirements with ”Server Core”. ADDS is implemented as a ”Domain Controller Service” in Windows Server 2008.

Policy related improvements

* All of the Group Policy improvements from Windows Vista are included. Group Policy Management Console (GPMC) is built-in. The Group Policy objects are indexed for search and can be commented on.

* Policy-based networking with Network Access Protection, improved branch management and enhanced end user collaboration. Policies can be created to ensure greater Quality of Service for certain applications or services that require prioritization of network bandwidth between client and server.

* Granular password settings within a single domain – ability to implement different password policies for administrative accounts on a “group” and “user” basis, instead of a single set of password settings to the whole domain.

Disk management and file storage improvements

* The ability to resize hard disk partitions without stopping the server, even the system partition. This applies only to simple and spanned volumes, not to striped volumes.

* Shadow Copy based block-level backup which supports optical media, network shares and Windows Recovery Environment.

* DFS enhancements – SYSVOL on DFS-R, Read-only Folder Replication Member. There is also support for domain-based DFS namespaces that exceed the previous size recommendation of 5,000 folders with targets in a namespace.

* Several improvements to Failover Clustering (High-availability clusters).

* Internet Storage Naming Server (iSNS) enables central registration, deregistration and queries for iSCSI hard drives.

Protocol and cryptography improvements

* Support for 128- and 256-bit AES encryption for the Kerberos authentication protocol.

* New cryptography (CNG) API which supports elliptic curve cryptography and improved certificate management.

* Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol, a new Microsoft proprietary VPN protocol.

* AuthIP, a Microsoft proprietary extension of the IKE cryptographic protocol used in IPsec VPN networks.

* Server Message Block 2.0 protocol in the new TCP/IP stack provides a number of communication enhancements, including greater performance when connecting to file shares over high-latency links and better security through the use of mutual authentication and message signing.

Improvements due to client-side (Windows Vista) enhancements

* Searching Windows Server 2008 servers from Windows Vista clients delegates the query to the server, which uses the Windows Search technology to search and transfer the results back to the client.

* In a networked environment with a print server running Windows Vista, clients can render print jobs locally before sending them to print servers to reduce the load on the server and increase its availability.

* Event forwarding aggregates and forwards logs of subscribed Windows Vista client computers back to a central console. Event forwarding can be enabled on the client subscribers from the central server directly from the event management console.

Miscellaneous improvements

* Windows Deployment Services replacing Automated Deployment Services and Remote Installation Services. Windows Deployment Services (WDS) support an enhanced multicast feature when deploying operating system images.

* Internet Information Services 7 – Increased security, Robocopy deployment, improved diagnostic tools, delegated administration.

* Windows Internal Database, a variant of SQL Server Express 2005, which serves as a common storage back-end for several other components such as Windows System Resource Manager, Windows SharePoint Services and Windows Server Update Services. It is not intended to be used by third-party applications.

* An optional “Desktop Experience” component provides the same Windows Aero user interface as Windows Vista, both for local users, as well as remote users connecting through Remote Desktop.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Windows Server 2008, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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The corrupted mailbox store in Exchange server means that your company may sit down for few days, until some Exchange server recovery mechanism succeeds in its intentions. Moreover, if even the backup fails to do the job, all can be relied on Eseutil utility. But, some fear from the unpredictable data destruction conduct of the same may not convince the users to have EDB repair such. The data loss can?t be calculated as you can?t judge the corrupted pages in the database.

However, in such situations a trick can help for EDB recovery:

. First, set a network on testing basis, which should not be connected to the production one

. Have Exchange Server on this test network function by restoring the backup of the domain controller, which is functioning as a DNS and global catalog server, to one of the network server, taken for test

. Now, take the backup of existing Exchange server on the test network

Now, you can run Exchange Server repair on this backed up database and see what results would be there, if you run the same on the production server. Moreover, as the production server undergoes constant modification, the results may come somewhat different in this test network.

This trick will let you know how successful or destructive results you will get, if you apply the EDB repair utility. Now, think of the case, when you encounter failed Exchange Server repair or the database in a completely ruined state. Is this the end of Exchange database life?

Certainly, not as data recovery field still allows you to have per

conduct which make Exchange Server recovery possible, with no imperfection.

EDB recovery software are built with the stupendous technology which recognize each corruption cause and identify each EDB object for correction. The software have an interactive look and the good play with the database.

Stellar Phoenix Mailbox Exchange Recovery is the ultimate product to have the benefit of Exchange Server recovery with safety and completeness. The software extracts the mailboxes in the original content and view.

This read-only EDB recovery software has a graphically rich user interface and the lots of added qualities to offer. Having repairing power for each database object, the software can prove fruitful in each database corruption scenario.

williamz Jack

Author Bio

Williamz Jack work as a freelancer and researcher of Data Recovery & File Recovery Software.

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There are many reasons that may make you decide to switch to a new web host, from poor customer support or unreliable servers to that of needing additional features not supported by your current host.

The initial decision to swap may seem like a huge step and you can be forgiven for having a little trepidation, but if you follow the advice here you should find the transition to be so smooth that your customers/visitors will not even be aware you have switched.

Before you switch, ensure that the new host you have chosen can fulfil all the roles you expect of it, that your business has room to grow and the customer support, control panel and other features are to your liking once this has been established you should take out the new contract – note do not cancel your old contract yet, you should ensure that you have everything set up and running on your new server before you cancel your old contract. That way all you need to do is change your DNS and your site is up and running as soon as your domain is re-pointed.

Most web hosts will provide a means by which you can access your server before changing the DNS, you should be able to upload your site via ftp, access the control panel and use it to set up your site and email in preparation for activation.

Once all this has been achieved you are ready to re-point your domain to your new DNS, to do this you need to get the address of your new DNS there are generally two which  should look like this:

N1.NEWHOST.COM

N2.NEWHOST.COM

It should be noted that it may tak

One your site is up and running and you are happy with it, you can cancel your old subscription.

This process if adhered to should result in a smooth swap with little or no down time as the routers will be sending your domain to either server and both of which have your web site on them.

James Betchley

Author Bio

James is the Admin at Which Domain Host a great place to turn for great web hosting deals.

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If you have been used to shared hosting, when you make the switch to a dedicated server, you will suddenly have access to your own IP address and nameserver.

It is important to manage these two correctly so that you do not experience any downtime and so that your site will function properly.

Nameservers

Nameservers are responsible for directing the traffic that goes to each domain name. They ensure that when a visitor types your URL into their search bar that they end up at the correct site. Your nameservers will need to be added to your domain name when you register your domain, or changed if you have an existing domain. You will need to log-in to your domain name registrar’s site to change this information so that your site will resolve to the correct IP address. These changes can take anywhere from 15 minutes to several days.

Your hosting company may also allow you to create and assign new nameservers for different IP addresses associated with your account. If you do not have the ability to do this, there are still ways that you can create your own nameservers.

You will need to have the IP address for the domain that you wish to add a nameserver and then you will need to create a nameserver that looks like this: ns1.yourdomain.com You can also use dns1, or another identifier. This is very useful if you are having difficulty with your nameservers.

IP Addresses

IP addresses are normally shared when you are in a shared hosting situation. This means that you can have hundreds of websites that all share the same IP ad

However, if you plan to resell space on your server, you may be given a pool of IP addresses for your own use. It is a good idea to keep one IP solely for your own use and use the others for your shared customers. This gives you more security and ensures that you are the only one who has access to changing anything on that particular IP.

Your dedicated server should allow you to manage your different IP addresses and assign your customers to certain addresses from the selection. You can also use different IP addresses if you plan to host several of your own sites on your dedicated server.

Having the ability to control your IP and your nameservers are two of the nicest features you will find on a dedicated server. The extra control can help you manage your sites better and can greatly improve your site’s security level.

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What is a webpage anyway?

A web page is basically a page of text like an MS Word file that is formatted in a specific way.

A typical web page uses formatting rules that tell the web browser (MS Internet Explorer, Opera or Mozilla Firefox) to display the text in a certain way. The browser uses special rules (called tags) to define the text and graphics into blocks.

The rules that a web page uses to display text & graphics is called HTML or HyperText Markup Language. Lots of other types of rules exist that perform different functions such as PHP or ASP that allows your to connect to databases, and DHTML, JavaScript and many others that let you do really cool stuff.

HTML originates from the print trade when before computers typesetters would markup text and images for printing.

So…at it’s simplest a web page is a file that sits on a remote computer (called a server). The server dishes out web pages when you select them through your address bar on your web browser.

For instance if you type “http://www.nine9design.co.uk” into your web browser address bar, a web page called “index.aspx” is displayed. This page (index.aspx) is examined by your web browser (Internet Explorer) and displays it on your computer screen.

Simple huh!

OK How does the computer know that typing “http://www.nine9design.co.uk” means going to a specific webserver. Well that really is the fun bit. It’s called Domain Name Server or DNS and that translates IP addresses to URL names or

Darren Street is a graphic designer and web developer and has a design studio located in the beautiful cotswold village of Bampton. Darren has three children, a beautiful wife and a mad springer spaniel called Bella.

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Over the years I’ve often had to move websites from one server to another. It’s not rocket science, but if you don’t have a plan and a very clear picture in your mind of exactly what you need to achieve then it can go pear shaped fairly quickly. So, here’s my ‘standard plan’ for moving a server that runs some sort of script (i.e. directory site, traffic exchange etc) and a MySQL database. Let’s assume the old domain is domain.com and the new IP number is 1.2.3.4.

Step 1: Send an email to your member list 48 hours before the move.

Step 2: Create the domain.com account (CPanel etc) on the new server.

Step 3: Take a full backup of all data on the server and all data in the MySQL database(s) and restore them on the new server. Restore the MySQL database(s).

Step 4: Edit your windows hosts file (C:WINDOWSsystem32driversetchosts) and add an entry for domain.com with the new IP address.

Step 5: Flush your windows DNS cache (open a CMD window and enter the command ‘ipconfig /flushdns’).

Step 6: Open your browser to domain.com. It should now be opening on the new server due to the hosts file entry. Just to be sure, place a comment in the home page file (index.html/index.php) like . That way, you can just view the source of the homepage to verify that you really are on the new server.

Step 7: Test EVERYTHING. Test the script. If it has an admin area, test the admin functions. Follow all the hyperlinks and make sure that everything is working correctly.

Step

Step 9: The files should all be okay (unless you have some sort of funky file-based database). Now it’s time to take the ‘real’ database backup. You don’t want anyone losing anything, so you need to take a backup of the database again at the point where you prevented people from logging in.

Step 10: Delete the database on the new server and do a restore of the database backup that you just did from the old server. You now have the most current database data and everyone should be happy when they get to log back in.

Step 11: Update the DNS at your registrar to point at the new DNS servers.

There you have it. Eleven easy steps to a smooth server move . You may get the odd person who says that they got to the new server but then it went to the old one again. That will be something to do with the DNS propagation and can be safely responded to with ‘give it a little while longer and all will be well’. If you still see or are alerted to problems after 72 hours then there may be something up with the DNS config on the new server but it would have to be a fairly obvious mistake and easily rectified if that were the case.

Gary Smith, the business owner, has been programming since 1980 and has run his own successful IT consulting and ISP businesses since 1995. More information about dedicated servers is available from The Dedicated Server Doctor.

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f the people haven`t spent a lot of time considering what they want their web host to be like. Here are some critical things you should know about finding a web host that will save you time and headaches down the road so you can spend your time enjoying the finer things in life rather than worrying about web hosting.

1) Cost Issues

Free hosting: There are 3 things to consider when looking at free hosting. The first is can you accept not having your own domain name, i.e. if the website is http://WebHostName.com/YourSiteName instead of http://YourSiteName is that going to bother you? Second, can you accept the web host advertising on your web page? Third, there are a lot of free web hosts out there that will promise you your own domain name and no advertising but when you read the fine print what they are offering is a free trial offer. Free really is free but make sure you find out the terms free hosting service is being offered on.

Shared/Dedicated hosting: Here are a few important cost factors you should check on before you sign with a host. Find out if your host offers a money back guarantee and what their refund policies are, whether there is a requirement to sign up for a minimum period and if your package is scalable. That is, if your site grows will you be able to expand the amount of bandwidth, disk drive space, and email accounts that you are using at a reasonable price. If you are locked in to a year contract with a host and you start running over your transfer limit you can really get killed on over-run char

Alexander Stomanec is a working manager in a hosting company. Take a look at his web host sugestions
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http://affordalbe-web-hosting.adult-web-hosting-x.com/

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Invalid domain name is one of the common cases that happened under the domain name arena. Many machines have often noted some invalid domain names and that some errors on the domain name operation often surfaced.

Speaking of the invalid domain names, many resources have noted that if an invalid domain name is detected, you will eventually receive a message indicating the errors. These invalid domain name messages therefore play a somewhat important role in the place of the invalid domain names.

Some of the conditions that cause the emergence of the invalid domain name messages are greatly stated in most resources and one of those is when the Domain Name Service or DNS host name or the DNS domain name specified in the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol or TCP/IP properties contains invalid characters, which then makes an invalid domain name.

Also noted is when there is a particular problem with the internet service provider?s Simple Mail Transport Protocol server. This mentioned thing is said to be a server that is applied for outgoing mails. And another reason for invalid domain name message is the situation when there are invalid characters or spaces in the Computer Name box.

Outside of these grounds for invalid domain names messages, there are certain resolutions that most of the experts recommends for such dilemma. So, it is considered that if the main reason for the invalid domain name message is the DNS host or domain name contains invalid characters, it is important to you check that the DNS host name and

However, if the cause of the emergence of the invalid domain name message is that there is certain problem with the SMTP Server, it is important that you wait for a moment of time, and then try to send the message again. And if you still receive the invalid domain name message, it is a right move to better contact your Internet service provider or ISP.

Such are just a few of the principles the surround the case for invalid domain names. So if you are really interested to know everything about it, you better try searching some resources that provide some of the technical procedures.

Rudolf Freidlander -

Author Bio

Check Out the Incredible New Software That Lets You Run A Money-Making Membership Site, On 100% Autopilot! Active hyperlink must remain intact with use of article.

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